139 tools and guides in Personality. Pick one and use it right away.
Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional â the six interest types in the Holland Code (RIASEC) model widely used in career counseling, with each type's traits and typical career paths.
Personality âA breakdown of the EAS model of temperament developed by psychologists Arnold Buss and Robert Plomin, covering the three genetically-influenced dimensions of Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability.
Personality âAn explainer on psychologists Jack Block and Jeanne Block's concepts of ego-control and ego-resiliency, and the three personality types â resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled â later confirmed by follow-up research.
Personality âA breakdown of psychologist Jeffrey Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) â the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and its three sub-components, and the fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS).
Personality âA summary of the VIA Classification of Character Strengths, positive psychology's six core virtues â wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence â and the 24 specific strengths grouped beneath them.
Personality âA rundown of the four VARK learning preferences â Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic â with practical study strategies suited to each, plus a note on what learning-styles research actually supports.
Personality âAn explainer on organizational psychologist Adam Grant's three reciprocity styles â givers, takers, and matchers â and his research finding on which type actually tends to succeed most and least.
Personality âA breakdown of management theorist Meredith Belbin's nine team-role framework, grouped into action-oriented, people-oriented, and thought-oriented roles, and why balanced teams tend to outperform teams of similar personalities.
Personality âA breakdown of psychologist Martin Seligman's explanatory style theory â the three dimensions of permanence, pervasiveness, and personalization â and how optimistic and pessimistic interpretations differ along each.
Personality âAn explainer on psychologist Timothy Leary's Interpersonal Circle model, which maps relationship styles along two axes â dominance versus submission and warmth versus hostility â into four broad behavioral quadrants.
Personality âA breakdown of pediatrician W. Thomas Boyce's differential susceptibility theory, which describes two broad childhood temperament types â resilient "dandelion" children and highly sensitive "orchid" children â and what the distinction actually means.
Personality âA breakdown of psychiatrist Robert Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) model, covering its four temperament dimensions and three character dimensions.
Personality âA breakdown of psychologist Daniel Goleman's five-component model of emotional intelligence (EQ) â self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills â with what each looks like in practice.
Personality âA look at psychologist Jerome Kagan's research on infant temperament -- how reactivity to novel stimuli in infancy predicts shy or bold tendencies later in life, and why it is a tendency, not destiny.
Personality âPsychologist Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, from avoiding punishment to universal ethical principles, across three levels and six stages.
Personality âPsychologist Carol Dweck's research on the belief that abilities are fixed traits versus the belief that they can be developed through effort, and how each mindset shapes reactions to failure.
Personality âHow the fortune rankings of omikuji work, how to interpret an unlucky "kyo" result, and whether to tie your slip to a rack or take it home, plus the origins of this shrine and temple tradition.
Personality âThe basic concept behind "seimei handan," which reads fortune from the stroke count of the kanji in a name, and terms like tenkaku, jinkaku, and chikaku.
Personality âThe meaning of the six-day fortune cycle (rokuyo) seen on Japanese calendars â taian, butsumetsu, tomobiki, and more â how the cycle order works, and its ties to weddings and funerals.
Personality âThe traditional Japanese "unlucky ages" (yakudoshi), which differ for men and women, how they're counted using the traditional age system, the meaning of mae-yaku/hon-yaku/ato-yaku, and yaku-barai purification rituals.
Personality âNarcissism, Machiavellianism, and subclinical psychopathy -- the definitions and characteristics of the three traits personality psychology groups together as the Dark Triad.
Personality âEros, philia, storge, agape, and more â the 7 distinct types of love the ancient Greeks identified, explained simply.
Personality âThe popular idea that firstborns, middle children, lastborns, and only children each have a distinct personality â and what large-scale studies have actually found when they tested it.
Personality âCompeting, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, and accommodating â the 5 conflict-handling styles from the widely used Thomas-Kilmann model, with when each one works best and what to watch out for.
Personality âEctomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph â American psychologist William Sheldon's somatotype theory linking body type to temperament, and why modern science doesn't back it.
Personality âType A, marked by time urgency and strong competitiveness, and Type B, more relaxed and easygoing â the traits and limits of the Type A/B behavior theory proposed by cardiologists Friedman and Rosenman. Unrelated to ABO blood type personality theories.
Personality âThe origin and concept of the HTP (House-Tree-Person) test, one of the best-known projective drawing tests, and what each of the three elements, house, tree, and person, is thought to reflect.
Personality âFrom Warmth and Dominance to Emotional Stability and Tension â the definitions of psychologist Raymond Cattell's 16 Personality Factors (16PF), along with what each factor looks like at the low and high ends.
Personality âExtraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism â the biological reasoning behind psychologist Hans Eysenck's three-factor PEN model of personality, and what each dimension looks like.
Personality âParent, Adult, Child â the five sub-types of the ego-state (PAC) model within psychiatrist Eric Berne's transactional analysis theory, along with example lines of dialogue for each.
Personality âThe origin of the Rorschach inkblot test, one of the best-known projective tests using symmetrical inkblot cards, and the four main categories used to score responses.
Personality âAchiever, Explorer, Socializer, and Killer â the traits and preferred game elements of the four online game player types proposed by game designer Richard Bartle.
Personality âGenerator, Manifesting Generator, Manifestor, Projector, and Reflector â the five personality types in the Human Design system, which blends astrology, the I Ching, Kabbalah, and chakras.
Personality âAlpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta â how Socionics, a personality framework derived from Jungian typology, groups its 16 types into four value-based "quadras."
Personality âOrange, Gold, Green, and Blue -- the four personality colors widely used in schools and workplace team-building, including each type's traits and how best to communicate with them.
Personality âIn astrology, your rising sign -- also called the ascendant -- is the zodiac sign on the eastern horizon at the moment you were born. Here is what each of the 12 rising signs is said to bring to a first impression.
Personality âAutocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire -- the three classic leadership styles proposed by psychologist Kurt Lewin based on experimental research, including each one's traits and the situations it fits best.
Personality âHonesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness -- a personality model that extends the Big Five, including what each factor means and what it looks like when high or low.
Personality âNegative affectivity and social inhibition -- the two core traits of Type D, the "distressed" personality pattern proposed by psychologist Johan Denollet, and how it relates to health outcomes.
Personality âCriticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling -- the four communication patterns psychologist John Gottman identified as predictors of divorce, along with the "antidote" for each one.
Personality âSocial, Thinking, Anxious, and Restrained -- the four subtypes of introversion proposed by psychologist Jonathan Cheek, and what sets each one apart.
Personality âJoy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, and anticipation: Robert Plutchik's eight basic emotions and the complex emotions created by combining them.
Personality âThe two components of grit as defined by psychologist Angela Duckworth, and the four psychological assets she describes as helping grit grow.
Personality âFrom 1w9 to 9w1: how personality shifts when each of the 9 core Enneagram types combines with an adjacent wing, covering all 18 wing combinations.
Personality âEasy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up: psychiatrists Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess's three child temperament types from the New York Longitudinal Study, and the concept of goodness of fit.
Personality âFrom the peak of "Mount Stupid" to the valley of despair, the slope of enlightenment, and the plateau of sustainability â the four popularly described stages of the Dunning-Kruger effect, plus why beginners overestimate their own ability.
Personality âDifficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally-oriented thinking â the three core traits of alexithymia as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), explained with everyday signs.
Personality âPsychologist Robert Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love explains love as a combination of intimacy, passion, and commitment â here are all eight resulting types, from non-love to consummate love.
Personality âCommitment, control, and challenge -- the three attitudes psychologist Suzanne Kobasa identified as psychological hardiness, and how they help some people withstand stress better than others.
Personality âMastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states -- the four sources psychologist Albert Bandura identified behind self-efficacy, the belief that you can succeed at a specific task.
Personality âThe fundamental postulate and eight corollaries -- construction, individuality, dichotomy, choice, range, experience, sociality, and the repertory grid technique -- behind George Kelly's theory that people interpret the world like amateur scientists.
Personality âEmpathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ), plus Type E, Type S, Type B, and the extreme types -- psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen's theory of two cognitive styles, and the contested hypothesis linking one of them to autism.
Personality âPrimary appraisal, secondary appraisal, problem-focused coping, and emotion-focused coping -- the core concepts behind Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman's transactional model of stress.
Personality âComprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness -- the three components of medical sociologist Aaron Antonovsky's sense of coherence theory and the salutogenesis framework it grew out of.
Personality âFast, intuitive System 1 versus slow, deliberate System 2 thinking, plus related concepts like cognitive ease and anchoring -- a plain explanation of dual process theory in psychology.
Personality âPhysical Big T, mental Big T, and small t -- psychologist Frank Farley's theory of thrill- and stimulation-seeking personality, its strengths, and its risks.
Personality âSelf-concept, the real self vs. the ideal self, unconditional positive regard, and conditions of worth -- the core ideas behind Carl Rogers' person-centered (humanistic) theory.
Personality âHerman Witkin's field-dependence and field-independence theory: two cognitive styles that describe how much a person's judgment leans on surrounding context, how they're measured, and what they mean for learning and work.
Personality âAutonomy, order, exhibition, succorance, nurturance, abasement, understanding, play, and infavoidance -- an overview of Henry Murray's list of psychogenic needs and how it relates to McClelland's later theory.
Personality âThe three dimensions -- locus, stability, and controllability -- behind Bernard Weiner's attribution theory of how we explain success and failure, and the emotions that follow from each.
Personality â