How to Defragment and Optimize Drives on Windows

Tap through each step to defragment your drive.

  1. Search for "Defragment and Optimize Drives" in the Start menu

    Open the Start menu, search for "Defragment and Optimize Drives," and open it.

  2. Select the drive to optimize

    Click the drive you want to clean up in the list (usually your main C: drive).

  3. Click "Optimize"

    Clicking the button starts defragmentation (or SSD optimization) on the selected drive.

  4. Check the scheduled run settings

    Under "Change settings," you can confirm whether automatic, regular optimization is already scheduled.

  5. Why it's useful

    On a computer using a traditional hard drive (HDD), files become fragmented over time and slow things down β€” regular defragmentation lets the drive read and write files faster. SSDs get a different kind of optimization automatically instead.

If your computer feels slower than it used to

A traditional hard drive (HDD) scatters pieces of files across the disk as it fills up and empties over time, forcing the drive to work harder to read a single file. Regular defragmentation reorganizes those pieces so files load faster.

SSDs work differently

A solid-state drive (SSD) doesn't have moving parts, so "fragmentation" in the traditional sense doesn't slow it down, and defragmenting one too often can actually shorten its lifespan. Windows automatically applies a different maintenance command (called TRIM) to SSDs instead, so if a drive shows up labeled as SSD in the list, there's nothing extra you need to do.

Frequently Asked Questions

I have an SSD β€” do I still need to defragment it?

No β€” fragmentation works differently on an SSD, and defragmenting it too often isn't good for its lifespan, so Windows automatically runs a different process called "optimization" (TRIM) instead. If a drive is listed as an SSD, you don't need to worry about it.

How often should I run this?

It's scheduled to run automatically every week by default, so you rarely need to think about it β€” but you can run it manually any time your computer feels unusually slow.