One setting, fixed for good
Manually choosing "Open with" every single time you open a file is a small annoyance that adds up fast. Setting the default app once means every future file of that type opens in the right program without you needing to think about it again.
When installing new software changes things without asking
Some installers quietly set themselves as the default app for certain file types, or prompt you to confirm it during setup. If a program suddenly starts opening in something new after an install, the default apps settings are exactly where to undo it.
Frequently Asked Questions
I just want to open one specific file with a different app, not change the default.
Right-click that one file and choose "Open with" to pick a program for that single file, without touching the default app setting for the file type overall.
Does installing a new program automatically change my default apps?
Some programs ask you to confirm during installation, and a few change it automatically without asking. If a default changed without your intent, you can always switch it back from the default apps settings.