Sleep Paralysis: The Science and Folklore From Around the World

This mysterious experience happens to people everywhere β€” and every culture has given it a different name.

Old Hag πŸ‡¨πŸ‡¦ (Newfoundland, Canada)

Folklore describing an old witch who sits on a sleeping person's chest and presses down on their body.

Kanashibari ι‡‘ηΈ›γ‚Š πŸ‡―πŸ‡΅ (Japan)

Meaning "bound in chains," the name is said to originate from ritual practices of medieval Japanese esoteric Buddhist monks.

Mara πŸ‡ΈπŸ‡ͺ (Scandinavia)

Refers to a spirit that sits atop a sleeping person β€” the English word "nightmare" is derived directly from "mara."

Guǐ Yā ChuΓ‘ng ι¬Όε£“εΊŠ πŸ‡¨πŸ‡³ (China)

Meaning "a ghost presses the bed," a traditional belief that a ghost is pressing down on the sleeper.

Pisadeira πŸ‡§πŸ‡· (Brazil)

A crone-like figure in folklore said to hide on the rooftop and step on the chest of anyone who eats a big meal and sleeps flat on their back.

Se Me SubiΓ³ el Muerto πŸ‡²πŸ‡½ (Mexico)

Meaning "the dead climbed on top of me," a commonly used expression.

Karabasan πŸ‡ΉπŸ‡· (Turkey)

A traditional Turkish folk belief describing a dark entity that emerges from the shadows and presses down on a person.

Bangungot πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ (Philippines)

An old Filipino folk belief holding that a nightmare can be severe enough to cause sudden death.

Why Did Different Cultures Explain the Same Phenomenon Differently?

Neurologically, it's the same phenomenon everywhere, but before scientific explanations existed, each culture combined this unfamiliar experience with its own traditional beliefs, describing it through a different entity. Interestingly, the shared sensation of "something pressing on the chest" recurs again and again across folklore worldwide.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is sleep paralysis dangerous?

It's mostly a temporary, physically harmless phenomenon that resolves naturally within seconds to minutes. If it recurs frequently, though, it's worth checking on sleep deprivation or an irregular sleep pattern.

Is there a way to prevent it?

Maintaining a regular sleep schedule, getting enough sleep, and managing stress are known to help reduce how often it occurs.