Why the date can shift
Because Setsubun is defined as "the day before risshun," any year-to-year shift of about a day in the risshun date itself causes Setsubun to shift accordingly. In 2021, Setsubun fell on February 2 for the first time in 124 years, making news at the time.
Its connection to the lunar new year
Under the old lunisolar calendar, the period around risshun was close to the start of the new year, so Setsubun is thought to carry a meaning similar to a "lunar calendar's New Year's Eve" β warding off the past year's misfortune to welcome the new year (spring).
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Setsubun always February 3rd?
No β most years it falls on February 3, but as the risshun date shifts, some years it falls on February 2 or 4. Checking a calendar for the exact date each year is the surest way to know.
Is it wrong to cut an eho-maki roll before eating it?
Traditionally it's said the roll should be eaten whole and uncut, partly to symbolize not "cutting" good fortune β but this is more a good-luck custom than a strict rule that must be followed.
Can raw soybeans be used for bean-throwing?
Roasted soybeans (fuku-mame) are generally considered standard. One reason is that raw beans left unswept could sprout, which is considered inauspicious.
How is the lucky direction (eho) determined?
It is determined from among four directions (east-northeast, west-southwest, south-southeast, north-northwest, etc.) based on that year's position in a traditional 10-year cycle β it is not the same direction every year.