Korean Honorific Vocabulary: A Complete Guide

Tap a word to see its meaning and an example sentence.

Seongham (성함)

The honorific word for 'name.' 'May I ask your name (seongham)?'

Yeonse (μ—°μ„Έ)

The honorific word for 'age.' 'How old is your grandfather (what is his yeonse)?'

Jinji (μ§„μ§€)

The honorific word for 'meal.' 'Grandmother, please have your meal (jinji).'

Malsseum (말씀)

The honorific word for 'words' when referring to someone else's speech, and a humble form used when referring to your own. 'I appreciated your words (malsseum), sir.' / 'Allow me to say a few words (malsseum-deurilgeyo).'

Daek (댁)

The honorific word for 'house' or 'home.' 'Where is your home (daek), sir?'

Jumusida (μ£Όλ¬΄μ‹œλ‹€)

The honorific verb for 'to sleep.' 'Father is sleeping (jumusigo gyeseyo).'

Boepda (λ΅™λ‹€)

The humble verb for 'to see' or 'to meet,' used to lower yourself while raising the other person. 'I will see you (boepgetseumnida) next week.'

Yeojjupda (μ—¬μ­™λ‹€)

The humble verb for 'to ask.' 'I have a question I would like to ask (yeojjupgo sipseumnida).'

How this differs from regular grammatical politeness

Beyond the grammar endings that make a sentence formal or casual, Korean also has an entirely separate set of honorific words β€” using jinji instead of bap ('meal'), or seongham instead of ireum ('name'). These words replace the whole noun or verb rather than just changing an ending, and learning them lets you show real respect in everyday conversation and formal settings alike.

Honoring someone else vs. humbling yourself

These words split into two groups: some, like seongham or yeonse, directly elevate the other person, while others, like boepda or yeojjupda, work by lowering yourself instead β€” the same underlying respect, approached from the opposite direction. Recognizing which type a word belongs to makes it much easier to use them correctly.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between boepda and yeojjupda?

Boepda is a humble word that replaces 'to see' or 'to meet,' lowering yourself to raise the other person, while yeojjupda replaces 'to ask' in the same humble way β€” they substitute for two different verbs.

Is malsseum a respectful word or a humble word?

It works as both, depending on who is speaking: referring to someone else's speech, it is a respectful word, but when you say malsseum-deurida ('to offer my words'), it becomes a humble expression referring to your own speech.