Essential Keyboard Shortcuts Everyone Should Know

These keyboard shortcuts work in the overwhelming majority of apps on both Windows and Mac, and learning just this core set saves a surprising amount of time.

Copy: Ctrl+C (Windows) / Cmd+C (Mac)

Copies the selected text, file, or object to the clipboard without removing the original.

Paste: Ctrl+V (Windows) / Cmd+V (Mac)

Inserts whatever is currently on the clipboard at the cursor's location.

Cut: Ctrl+X (Windows) / Cmd+X (Mac)

Copies the selection to the clipboard and removes it from its original location, ready to be pasted elsewhere.

Undo: Ctrl+Z (Windows) / Cmd+Z (Mac)

Reverses the last action. Most apps support pressing it repeatedly to step back through several recent changes.

Redo: Ctrl+Y or Ctrl+Shift+Z (Windows) / Cmd+Shift+Z (Mac)

Reapplies an action that was just undone. Windows redo shortcuts vary slightly more by app than the other shortcuts on this list.

Select all: Ctrl+A (Windows) / Cmd+A (Mac)

Selects every item or all text in the current document, field, or window.

Find: Ctrl+F (Windows) / Cmd+F (Mac)

Opens a search box to find text on the current page or document, standard in browsers, word processors, and many other apps.

Save: Ctrl+S (Windows) / Cmd+S (Mac)

Saves the current file. Many apps also autosave, but this shortcut remains a near-universal habit worth keeping.

Switch apps: Alt+Tab (Windows) / Cmd+Tab (Mac)

Cycles between currently open applications. Holding the modifier key down while pressing the second key repeatedly moves further through the list.

New browser tab: Ctrl+T (Windows) / Cmd+T (Mac)

Opens a new tab in virtually every modern web browser, paired with Ctrl+W / Cmd+W to close the current tab.

Why Mac uses Cmd where Windows uses Ctrl

Windows and Mac simply settled on different primary modifier keys β€” Ctrl on Windows, Cmd on Mac β€” which is why the same action often has two different-looking shortcuts across the two platforms. The underlying logic is otherwise nearly identical, which is why learning one set makes the other easy to pick up.

These are conventions, not guarantees

Because these shortcuts are conventions rather than a technical standard, a small number of apps remap them for their own purposes. When in doubt, most apps list their exact shortcuts in a Help menu or a dedicated keyboard shortcuts settings page.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do these shortcuts work on Linux too?

Most Linux desktop environments follow the Windows-style Ctrl-based shortcuts for copy, paste, undo, and similar actions, though some window-switching and system-level shortcuts can differ by distribution and desktop environment.

Why does redo have more than one common shortcut?

Unlike undo, redo was standardized less consistently across early software, so both Ctrl+Y and Ctrl+Shift+Z remain in common use on Windows depending on the application.