Kanji Radicals (Bushu): The Basics

Radicals are a key to classifying kanji and understanding their meaning and structure. Here are the basics worth knowing first.

What is a radical (bushu)

Among the components that make up a kanji, the radical is the part used as the basis for classifying that character. In most cases, the component related to meaning is chosen as the radical.

Hen (left-side radical)

A radical positioned on the left side of a kanji. "氵" (water radical) appears in many characters related to water, and "亻" (person radical) in many related to people.

Tsukuri (right-side radical)

A radical positioned on the right side of a kanji, such as "彡" or "阝".

Kanmuri (top radical)

A radical positioned at the top of a kanji. "艹" (grass radical) often appears in plant-related characters, and "宀" (roof radical) in characters related to roofs or houses.

Ashi (bottom radical)

A radical positioned at the bottom of a kanji, such as "心" (heart) or "灬" (fire).

Tare (top-and-left radical)

A radical that drapes from the top down the left side of a kanji, such as "广" or "疒" (sickness radical).

Nyou (wrap-around radical)

A radical that wraps from the upper-left down to the bottom of a kanji, such as "辶" or "廴".

Kamae (enclosure radical)

A radical that encloses the outside of a kanji, such as "囗" or "門" (gate radical).

How many radicals are there?

The Kangxi Dictionary, compiled in Qing-dynasty China, classifies radicals into 214 categories, and most modern Japanese and Chinese-character dictionaries still base their classification on this system.

Tips for guessing a kanji's meaning from its radical

Even for an unfamiliar kanji, knowing the radical can give you a rough sense of its meaning category. For example, characters with "氵" tend to relate to water or liquids, and those with "木" tend to relate to trees or wood.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I still look up a kanji in a dictionary if I don't know its radical?

Most kanji dictionaries also include an index by total stroke count or reading, so you can look it up even without knowing the radical.

Can the same kanji be classified under a different radical in different dictionaries?

Yes — while the general concept of radicals is shared, dictionaries sometimes differ on which component of a particular kanji should be treated as its radical.