A useful feature if you want your battery to last longer
Lithium-ion batteries age faster the longer they sit fully charged at 100%, so this feature is designed to reduce that time by finishing the last stretch of charging closer to when you'll actually unplug and use the phone, slowing long-term battery degradation.
Battery health habits worth keeping in mind more broadly
Beyond this one setting, avoiding extreme heat while charging, not routinely running the battery down to 0%, and periodically checking your battery health percentage in the same Battery Health & Charging screen are all simple habits that help preserve capacity over the life of the device.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does turning this feature off damage the battery or create a safety risk?
No, turning it off carries no safety risk at all. The main downside is that your battery will spend more time sitting at 100%, which can be somewhat less favorable for its long-term lifespan.
Does unplugging and reconnecting the charger reset what it has learned?
No, a brief disconnection doesn't reset anything -- the iPhone builds its charging pattern from your overall behavior accumulated over days or weeks, not from any single session.