PlayInfoBox

Home /Education /High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Basics

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Basics

Click a card to learn more about high blood pressure.

What is hypertension?

Hypertension is a sustained elevation in the pressure blood exerts on vessel walls. It is generally diagnosed when systolic pressure is 140 mmHg or higher, or diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg or higher β€” both in-clinic readings and averaged home readings are used for diagnosis.

Primary vs. secondary hypertension

Most people with hypertension have primary (essential) hypertension, which develops from a combination of age, genetics, and lifestyle factors without one specific underlying disease. Secondary hypertension, by contrast, results from a clear underlying cause such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or certain medications.

Why it's called the "silent killer"

In most cases hypertension causes no noticeable symptoms while it gradually damages blood vessels and organs over time. Because it's hard to detect without regular blood pressure checks, it has earned the nickname "silent killer."

Risk factors

Excess sodium intake, obesity, physical inactivity, heavy drinking and smoking, and chronic stress are major factors that raise the risk of hypertension. Risk also tends to rise with family history and age.

Lifestyle management approach

A low-sodium, balanced diet, regular aerobic exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking and limiting alcohol are generally considered helpful for managing blood pressure. Whether medication is needed and the specific management plan should be decided with a doctor based on individual circumstances.

Risks of leaving it untreated

Long-term untreated hypertension accelerates atherosclerosis, raising the risk of serious cardiovascular complications such as heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. If your blood pressure readings are abnormal, follow a doctor's diagnosis and treatment plan.

What hypertension is

Hypertension is a metabolic condition that can steadily strain blood vessels and the heart even without noticeable symptoms, and it is extremely common worldwide. This page is educational information meant to build general understanding and is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment. If your blood pressure readings are abnormal or you suspect related symptoms, consult a medical professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Its link to unhealthy cholesterol levels

Hypertension frequently occurs alongside dyslipidemia (abnormal blood lipid levels), and when both risk factors overlap, the risk of cardiovascular disease can rise further β€” making it important to manage both together.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can hypertension be diagnosed from a single reading?

No β€” because blood pressure fluctuates considerably depending on time and circumstances, diagnosis is generally based on the average of multiple readings taken on different days.

Do young people not need to worry about high blood pressure?

That's not true. Hypertension can occur at any age, and regular blood pressure checks are especially important at a younger age if you are obese or have a family history.