Shalom (שלום) - "Hello" / "Goodbye" (all-purpose)
Pronounced shah-LOME. Literally means "peace," and works as both a greeting when meeting someone and a farewell when parting -- a true multipurpose word.
Boker tov (בוקר טוב) - "Good morning"
Pronounced BOH-ker tov. Used in the morning.
Erev tov (ערב טוב) - "Good evening"
Pronounced EH-rev tov. Used when meeting or parting in the evening.
Layla tov (לילה טוב) - "Good night"
Pronounced LIE-lah tov. Used as a phrase right before going to bed.
Ma shlomkha? / Ma shlomekh? (מה שלומך?) - "How are you?"
Pronounced mah shlom-KHAH to a man or mah shlom-EKH to a woman. Hebrew grammar marks the listener's gender, so the ending changes; without the niqqud vowel marks, the written form looks identical, but it is still pronounced differently aloud.
Tov, toda (טוב, תודה) - "Good, thank you"
Pronounced tov, toh-DAH. A standard reply to being asked how you are.
Toda (תודה) - "Thank you"
Pronounced toh-DAH. The most basic way to say thanks.
Toda raba (תודה רבה) - "Thank you very much"
Pronounced toh-DAH rah-BAH. Used to express extra emphasis on your thanks.
Bevakasha (בבקשה) - "You're welcome" / "Please"
Pronounced beh-vah-kah-SHAH. A versatile word used to reply to thanks, to make a request, or to say "here you go" when handing something over.
Slikha (סליחה) - "Sorry" / "Excuse me"
Pronounced slee-KHAH. Used to apologize or to politely ask someone to let you pass.
Ken / Lo (כן / לא) - "Yes" / "No"
Pronounced ken / lo. The two most basic answer words.
Shmi ~ (שמי ~) - "My name is ~"
Pronounced shmee. Used when introducing yourself; fill in your own name where the blank goes.
Naim me'od (נעים מאוד) - "Nice to meet you"
Pronounced nah-EEM meh-OD. Said just after exchanging names with someone you are meeting for the first time.
Lehitraot (להתראות) - "See you"
Pronounced leh-heet-rah-OTE. A slightly more casual farewell than Shalom, used with someone you expect to see again.