Famous Libraries of the World

From legendary ancient libraries to today's leading institutions.

Library of Alexandria

A legendary library founded around the 3rd century BC in ancient Alexandria, Egypt, said to have been the largest repository of knowledge in the ancient world. It is still often cited as a symbol of the attempt to gather the sum of human knowledge, but accounts differ on exactly when and how it was lost β€” it is generally believed to have declined gradually through a series of events, including fires.

Library of Congress

Located in Washington, D.C., it is considered one of the largest libraries in the world, holding an immense collection of books and materials. Originally established to support the legislative work of the U.S. Congress, it now functions as the de facto national library of the United States, broadly collecting and preserving materials from around the world.

British Library

The legal deposit library of the United Kingdom, located in London, holding many precious historical documents including a copy of the Magna Carta. Under the legal deposit system, it is required to receive copies of material published in the UK, so its collection continues to grow over time.

Vatican Apostolic Library

Considered one of the oldest libraries in the world, famous for holding numerous rare materials including medieval manuscripts. It preserves not only historical documents of the Catholic Church but also precious materials from various eras and regions, making it an important repository for historians and theologians.

Trinity College Library

Located in Dublin, Ireland, known for the beautiful "Long Room" and the Celtic manuscript known as the Book of Kells. The shelves of ancient books stretching up to a high ceiling have become a famous tourist attraction in their own right, frequently appearing in films and photographs and often ranked among the "most beautiful libraries in the world."

Bodleian Library

The main library of the University of Oxford in England, considered one of the oldest libraries in Europe. It holds an immense collection of books and historical documents accumulated over hundreds of years and continues to serve as a central facility for research and education at Oxford today.

Korea's National Library

The National Library of Korea is Korea's representative national library, tasked with collecting and preserving the nation's knowledge assets through the legal deposit of materials published domestically. While it does not have the long history of other famous overseas libraries, it plays the role of a national archive that systematically preserves Korean publications and records for future generations.

See also the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

If you are curious about the great legacies of antiquity, be sure to check out our guide to the Seven Wonders of the World as well.

Curious about the most translated books?

If you are curious about the books most likely to sit on a library shelf, take a look at our guide to the most translated books in the world.

Frequently Asked Questions

Did the Library of Alexandria really disappear entirely in a fire?

Accounts of its exact destruction differ. Rather than vanishing in a single great fire, most views hold that it gradually lost its function through a series of events and a long decline.

What is the largest library in the world?

It depends on the criterion used, but in terms of the sheer scale of its holdings, the Library of Congress is most commonly cited as one of the largest libraries in the world.