Why Undo Send is really just a delayed send
Gmail's Undo Send doesn't pull a message back after delivery -- it simply holds your email in a brief queue before actually sending it, so clicking "Undo" during that window just cancels the send before it ever left the server.
Why recall fails more often for external email
Message recall depends on the recipient's mail system cooperating with the recall request, which only reliably happens within the same organization's Exchange server. Once a message crosses into another provider's infrastructure, that provider has no obligation or mechanism to comply with the recall.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I recover an email after the recipient has already read it?
With Gmail, once the short Undo Send window has passed, there's no way to pull the message back regardless of whether it's been read. With Outlook, recall often fails once a message has been opened, though the exact outcome can depend on the organization's mail server settings.
Is there any way to unsend an email sent to a Gmail address from Outlook?
No, Outlook's Message Recall only works within the same Exchange or Microsoft 365 organization -- it cannot recall a message once it has been delivered to an external provider like Gmail.