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Dyslipidemia (High Cholesterol) Basics

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What is dyslipidemia?

Dyslipidemia (commonly called high cholesterol) refers to an imbalance in blood lipids β€” excessively high LDL cholesterol or triglycerides, or low HDL cholesterol. It is diagnosed via a blood test checking total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides together.

The roles of LDL and HDL cholesterol

LDL cholesterol can build up on artery walls and promote atherosclerosis, earning it the nickname "bad cholesterol." HDL cholesterol, conversely, carries cholesterol from the artery walls back to the liver, earning it the nickname "good cholesterol."

Usually symptom-free

Dyslipidemia often causes no noticeable symptoms even when levels are considerably elevated, which is why it is commonly discovered only through blood tests during a routine health checkup.

Risk factors

A diet high in fatty foods and refined carbohydrates, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol use are major risk factors for dyslipidemia. Genetics can also play a large role, as in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Its link to atherosclerosis

Prolonged high LDL cholesterol allows fatty deposits to build up on artery walls, driving atherosclerosis β€” one of the leading causes of angina, heart attack, and stroke.

General management approach

A high-fiber diet, reducing saturated fat intake, and regular exercise are generally considered helpful for managing lipid levels. However, whether medication is needed depends on individual risk level, so it should be discussed with a doctor.

What dyslipidemia is

Dyslipidemia (abnormal blood lipid levels) can steadily affect vascular health even without noticeable symptoms, which is why regular blood testing is important. This page is for general informational purposes and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment β€” accurate interpretation of results and a management plan should always come from a doctor.

Why manage it alongside high blood pressure

Dyslipidemia is one of the components of metabolic syndrome and frequently occurs alongside hypertension; when both conditions co-occur, the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease can increase further.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is lower cholesterol always better?

Lower LDL cholesterol tends to reduce cardiovascular risk, but some lipids like HDL cholesterol need to stay at an adequate level, so it's important to evaluate overall lipid levels together rather than focusing on one number.

Can thin people get dyslipidemia?

Yes β€” regardless of body type, genetic factors or diet can cause dyslipidemia even in people who are not overweight.