Birthstones by Month: The Modern List Explained

The birthstone list most commonly cited today is not as ancient as it seems β€” it was standardized by American jewelers in 1912, building on older, less consistent traditions.

January to March

January: garnet. February: amethyst. March: aquamarine (bloodstone is an older alternate still used in some lists).

April to June

April: diamond. May: emerald. June: pearl, alongside two more recently added alternates, alexandrite and moonstone.

July to September

July: ruby. August: peridot, alongside the alternate spinel. September: sapphire.

October to December

October: opal, alongside the alternate tourmaline. November: topaz, alongside the alternate citrine. December: turquoise, alongside the alternates zircon and tanzanite.

Where the "modern" list comes from

In 1912, an American jewelers' trade group standardized a single official list to resolve inconsistent, overlapping traditions that had built up over centuries in different countries. Most of today's commonly cited lists trace back to that 1912 standardization, with a few later additions.

Why some months list more than one stone

Alternates were mostly added later, in part to offer more affordable or more widely available options alongside a rarer or costlier traditional stone β€” not because the original stone was considered wrong or replaced.

Older traditions vs. the modern list

Birthstone traditions existed long before 1912, with different lists circulating across cultures and even tied to different sources, such as European calendar-based traditions or the twelve stones described in the biblical breastplate of Aaron. The "modern" list is simply the version that most US jewelers and retailers standardized on and that is most commonly cited today.

A cultural tradition, not a scientific one

Birthstones carry symbolic and personal meaning for many people, similar to a lucky number or a favorite color, but there is no scientific basis connecting a birth month to any property of a particular gemstone.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there only one "correct" birthstone for each month?

No. Lists vary by country, era, and source, and several months have more than one commonly accepted stone. This guide reflects the modern list most widely used in the United States.

Do birthstones have any real connection to a person's birth month?

No β€” it is a cultural and commercial tradition rather than a scientific one. The stones themselves have the same physical properties regardless of anyone's birthday.