Why Chrome keeps a short list of closed tabs at all
Chrome deliberately keeps recently closed tabs and windows in a temporary list rather than discarding them the instant they are closed, specifically to make an accidental close reversible without needing full browsing history.
What happens if you restart Chrome
A full browser restart, done through "Reopen all tabs" prompts or session restore settings, is different from the closed-tabs shortcut -- but on most setups, "Recently closed" from the History menu also survives across a normal restart, not just a single tab close.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does this work if I accidentally closed the whole browser window?
Yes -- Ctrl+Shift+T (or Cmd+Shift+T) also restores an entire closed window, not just a single tab, as long as it is near the top of the closed-items list.
Will reopening a closed tab restore what I was doing on the page, like a half-filled form?
Usually not reliably. Reopened tabs typically reload the page fresh, so unsaved form input or scroll position is often lost even though the tab itself comes back.