Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion: A Complete Guide

Celsius and Fahrenheit are two temperature scales built on completely different reference points. Once you know the formula and a couple of key reference values, converting between them becomes second nature.

What Celsius is

Celsius is a temperature scale that sets water's freezing point at 0 degrees and its boiling point at 100 degrees. It is the standard scale used in most countries around the world and in scientific contexts generally.

What Fahrenheit is

Fahrenheit is a temperature scale that sets water's freezing point at 32 degrees and its boiling point at 212 degrees. It remains in everyday use primarily in the United States.

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

Use the formula: Fahrenheit = Celsius x 9/5 + 32. For example, 20 degrees Celsius converts to 20 x 9/5 + 32 = 68 degrees F.

Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius

Use the formula: Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32) x 5/9. For example, 68 degrees Fahrenheit converts to (68 - 32) x 5/9 = 20 degrees C.

A quick mental-math shortcut

When you do not need an exact figure, subtracting 30 from the Fahrenheit number and dividing by 2 gives a fast, rough estimate of the Celsius equivalent.

A few reference points worth memorizing

Zero degrees C is 32 degrees F (freezing), 37 degrees C is about 98.6 degrees F (roughly normal body temperature), and 100 degrees C is 212 degrees F (boiling) -- keeping these anchor points in mind makes converting other values feel much more intuitive.

Why two temperature scales exist

Fahrenheit, devised by German physicist Daniel Fahrenheit in the early 18th century, predates Celsius. Celsius, based on the more intuitive reference points of water's freezing and boiling temperatures, was later devised by Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius and went on to be adopted by most of the world.

Why Fahrenheit is still used in the United States

The United States is one of the few countries that, even as the rest of the world largely shifted to the metric system, has continued using Fahrenheit -- along with other customary units -- in everyday life. Weather reports and recipes are two of the most common places it still shows up.

Frequently Asked Questions

What if a weather forecast while traveling abroad is shown in an unfamiliar scale?

The quick-estimate trick (subtract 30 from the Fahrenheit figure, then divide by 2) gives a fast approximate Celsius reading. If you need a precise number, use the full formula or a conversion app.

What if a recipe lists an oven temperature in a scale I am not used to?

Oven temperatures convert precisely using the standard formula. If you cook from foreign recipes often, keeping a small conversion chart for commonly used temperatures on hand saves you from recalculating every time.