Modern Standard Arabic vs. regional dialects
Arabic is an official language in more than 20 countries, but everyday conversation typically uses a regional dialect -- Egyptian, Levantine (Syria, Jordan, Lebanon), Gulf, or Maghrebi, among others -- each with noticeably different pronunciation and vocabulary. The phrases here are Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), the form used in news media, books, and formal settings, and understood across the Arabic-speaking world. If you are traveling or living somewhere specific, learning a few local dialect phrases too will help you sound much more natural.
Arabic is written right to left, and often changes with gender
Arabic script is read and written right to left, the opposite of English. Many phrases also change their ending depending on whether you are addressing a man or a woman, as in kayfa haluk / haluki?, or depending on the speaker's own gender, as in asif / asifa, so it is worth paying attention to which form fits your situation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I use As-salamu alaykum or Marhaban?
Marhaban is casual and works anywhere without much formality, while As-salamu alaykum carries more weight and reflects Islamic cultural tradition, making it a good choice with someone older or someone you are meeting for the first time; Marhaban is fine among friends.
Why do some Arabic phrases change depending on gender?
Arabic grammar marks gender in verbs, adjectives, and some nouns, so both the gender of the person you are speaking to and, in some phrases, your own gender as the speaker affect word endings. It takes a bit of getting used to, but the pattern becomes familiar quickly with practice.