Common Korean Contractions: A Spelling Guide

These contracted forms trip up even native speakers — a simple substitution test settles most of them. Tap each step for details.

  1. 되어 → 돼 (doeeo → dwae)

    When 되어 (doeeo) contracts, it becomes 돼 (dwae). If substituting the full form 되어 back into the sentence still sounds natural, the contracted 돼 is the correct spelling. "고민이 돼요" is the correct contraction of "고민이 되어요" ("it's becoming a worry").

  2. 하여 → 해 (hayeo → hae)

    When 하여 (hayeo) contracts, it becomes 해 (hae). "그렇게 하여라" contracts to "그렇게 해라" ("do it that way"); written or formal Korean tends to keep 하여, while spoken, casual Korean favors 해.

  3. 이에요 → 예요 (ieyo → yeyo)

    After a noun ending in a vowel with no final consonant, 이에요 (ieyo) contracts to 예요 (yeyo): "의자이에요" becomes "의자예요" ("it's a chair"). After a noun ending in a consonant, it stays uncontracted — "책이에요" ("it's a book") remains as is, never "책예요."

  4. 그것은 → 그건 (geugeoseun → geugeon)

    그것은 (geugeoseun, "that [as topic]") contracts to 그건 (geugeon) in casual speech. The same pattern applies across the set — 이것은/그것은/저것은 ("this/that/that-over-there [as topic]") becoming 이건/그건/저건.

  5. 무엇을 → 뭘 (mueoseul → mwol)

    무엇을 (mueoseul, "what [as object]") contracts to 뭘 (mwol) in casual speech: "무엇을 먹을까?" naturally becomes "뭘 먹을까?" ("What should I eat?") in everyday spoken Korean.

  6. The most common contraction mistake

    The single most frequent error is writing 돼 or 되 out of habit, without mentally checking it against the full form 되다/되어. Building the habit of substituting the full form back into a finished sentence to see if it still reads naturally catches the large majority of these mistakes on your own.

Why these contractions exist

Casual, frequently used grammatical combinations naturally compress over time in spoken language, and that compression eventually crosses over into everyday written Korean as well. It's a similar underlying phenomenon to English contractions like "don't" or "isn't," though the specific mechanics — vowel contraction rather than dropped letters — work differently.

Formal writing vs. casual writing

Contracted forms like 돼, 해, 예요, 그건, and 뭘 are broadly acceptable in casual and even much semi-formal writing, since they're standard contractions rather than slang. Very formal or academic documents, however, sometimes lean toward spelling out the fuller original form for a slightly more formal register.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know whether to write 되 or 돼?

Try substituting the full form 되어 into the sentence in place of the contraction — if it still reads naturally, 돼 is correct there; if it doesn't, 되 paired with a different ending is what the sentence actually needs.

Are contractions like these okay to use in formal writing?

Most are fine even in fairly formal contexts, since they're standard accepted contractions rather than slang — but very formal or academic writing sometimes prefers spelling out the fuller original form instead.